How to Tell Time in Korean (Like a Pro!)

Korean uses two number systems:

  1. Native Korean numbers

  2. Sino-Korean numbers (derived from Chinese)

Understanding when to use each system is essential for expressing time correctly. Here’s a comprehensive breakdown.

 

⌛ Why Two Number Systems?

Korean learners often wonder: Why are there two number systems at all?

  • Native Korean numbers are typically used for counting things, age, and hours of the day.

  • Sino-Korean numbers are used for dates, money, phone numbers, minutes, seconds, months, and more.

🕒 Basic Time Format

A Korean time expression usually follows this format:

[Hour in native Korean] 시 + [Minute in Sino-Korean] 분 + [Second in Sino-Korean] 초

Example:

  • 3:25:40 = 세 시 이십오 분 사십 초

 

🕐 HOURS = Native Korean Numbers + 시 (si)

Use native Korean numbers for the hour. “시” means o’clock.

Time Korean (Native) Romanization
1:00 한 시 han si
2:00 두 시 du si
3:00 세 시 se si
4:00 네 시 ne si
5:00 다섯 시 daseot si
6:00 여섯 시 yeoseot si
7:00 일곱 시 ilgop si
8:00 여덟 시 yeodeol si
9:00 아홉 시 ahop si
10:00 열 시 yeol si
11:00 열한 시 yeolhan si
12:00 열두 시 yeoldu si

Note: Native Korean numbers don’t go beyond 99, but for hours, we only need 1–12 or 1–24 depending on context.

 

⏱ MINUTES = Sino-Korean Numbers + 분 (bun)

Use Sino-Korean numbers for minutes. The counter is (bun).

Time Korean (Sino) Romanization
5 minutes 오 분 o bun
10 minutes 십 분 sip bun
15 minutes 십오 분 sip-o bun
30 minutes 삼십 분 sam-sip bun
45 minutes 사십오 분 sa-sip-o bun

 

Shortcut: Instead of “삼십 분 (30 minutes)”, many Koreans just say:

반 (ban) = “half”
So 3:30 = 세 시 반 (se si ban)

⏲ SECONDS = Sino-Korean Numbers + 초 (cho)

Just like minutes, use Sino-Korean numbers for seconds with the counter 초 (cho).

Example:

  • 10 seconds = 십 초

  • 59 seconds = 오십구 초

🧠 Korean Number Summary

Native Korean (for HOURS)

Number Korean
1 하나 → 한
2 둘 → 두
3 셋 → 세
4 넷 → 네
5 다섯

📌 Shortened Forms: Use 한, 두, 세, 네 before counters like 시 (hour), 명 (person), etc.

Sino-Korean (for MINUTES & SECONDS)

Number Korean
1
2
3
4
5

📝 Example Sentences

  1. 지금 몇 시예요?
    (What time is it now?)

  2. 오전 아홉 시 삼십 분이에요.
    (It’s 9:30 AM.)

🌐 24-Hour Clock in Korean

  • In official situations (military, airports, etc.), the 24-hour format is used.

  • Example:

    • 13:00 → 열세 시

    • 22:00 → 이십이 시

However, in casual speech, Koreans usually stick to the 12-hour clock with AM/PM:

  • 오전 (ojeon) = AM

  • 오후 (ohu) = PM

오후 한 시 → 1 PM
오전 열 시 → 10 AM

✅ Summary

Element Number System Counter
Hour Native Korean
Minute Sino-Korean
Second Sino-Korean

Practice by combining all three! For example:
세 시 십오 분 이십 초 = 3:15:20